氣力輸送系統是利用氣流的能量，在密閉管道內沿氣流方向輸送粉粒體物料的成套裝備，是流態(tài)化技術(shù)的一種具體應用。該系統通過(guò)特定的供料裝置將被輸送物料定量送入管道，利用高速氣流攜帶物料粒子，使其在管道內以懸浮或集團狀態(tài)運動(dòng)，從而實(shí)現物料的定向輸送。氣力輸送技術(shù)始于十九世紀末的英國，在中國起步于20世紀50年代末，經(jīng)過(guò)一百余年的發(fā)展，在技術(shù)和設備方面取得了長(cháng)足進(jìn)步。2023年全球氣力輸送系統市場(chǎng)規模約為323.2億美元，2024年中國市場(chǎng)規模達450.10億元，顯示出該技術(shù)在各行各業(yè)中的廣泛應用前景。

Pneumatic conveying system is a complete set of equipment that utilizes the energy of airflow to transport powder and granular materials along the direction of airflow in a closed pipeline. It is a specific application of fluidization technology. The system quantitatively feeds the conveyed material into the pipeline through a specific feeding device, and uses high-speed airflow to carry material particles, causing them to move in a suspended or clustered state inside the pipeline, thereby achieving directional conveying of the material. Pneumatic conveying technology began in the late 19th century in England and in China in the late 1950s. After more than a hundred years of development, significant progress has been made in technology and equipment. The global market size of pneumatic conveying systems will be approximately 32.32 billion US dollars in 2023, and the Chinese market size will reach 45.01 billion yuan in 2024, demonstrating the broad application prospects of this technology in various industries.

氣力輸送系統主要由五個(gè)部分組成：氣源部分、供料裝置部分、輸送管道部分、卸料分離部分和控制部分。系統設計的核心在于根據輸送物料量的大小，匹配相應規格的氣源壓力和管道參數。其工作原理主要利用氣流的動(dòng)能使散粒物料呈懸浮狀態(tài)隨氣流沿管道輸送。在輸送過(guò)程中，系統還可同時(shí)進(jìn)行物料的加熱、冷卻、干燥和氣流分級等物理操作或某些化學(xué)操作。與機械輸送相比，氣力輸送具有結構簡(jiǎn)單、操作方便、可作水平、垂直或傾斜方向輸送的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

The pneumatic conveying system mainly consists of five parts: gas source part, feeding device part, conveying pipeline part, unloading separation part, and control part. The core of system design lies in matching the corresponding specifications of gas source pressure and pipeline parameters based on the size of the conveyed material volume. Its working principle mainly utilizes the kinetic energy of the airflow to suspend the granular material and transport it along the pipeline with the airflow. During the conveying process, the system can also perform physical or chemical operations such as heating, cooling, drying, and airflow classification of materials simultaneously. Compared with mechanical conveying, pneumatic conveying has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and the ability to convey in horizontal, vertical, or inclined directions.

按工作原理，氣力輸送大致可分為吸送式與壓送式兩種類(lèi)型。吸送式氣力輸送是將大氣與物料一起吸入管道內，用低氣壓力的氣流進(jìn)行輸送，又稱(chēng)真空吸送。正壓氣力輸送則是將物料由供料點(diǎn)通過(guò)風(fēng)機或壓縮機產(chǎn)生的高壓氣流向目的地推送，全系統運行于高壓環(huán)境中，物料在管道內受氣流推動(dòng)，通常適用于輸送距離較遠、負荷較大的場(chǎng)合。根據顆粒在輸送管道中的密集程度，氣力輸送還可分為稀相輸送和密相輸送。稀相輸送固體含量低于1-10kg/m?，操作氣速較高（約18-30m/s），輸送距離基本在300米以?xún)?。密相輸送的固體含量為10-30kg/m?或固氣比大于25，操作氣速較低，用較高的氣壓壓送，輸送距離可達500米以上。氣力輸送技術(shù)具有快捷、節能、環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，被廣泛應用于化工、飼料、鋼鐵、冶金、電力、環(huán)保、硅材料、鋰電池等行業(yè)中的粉狀、顆粒物料的輸送

According to the working principle, pneumatic conveying can be roughly divided into two types: suction conveying and pressure conveying. Suction pneumatic conveying is the process of sucking air and materials together into a pipeline, using low-pressure airflow for conveying, also known as vacuum suction. Positive pressure pneumatic conveying is the process of pushing materials from the feeding point to the destination through a high-pressure airflow generated by a fan or compressor. The entire system operates in a high-pressure environment, and the materials are pushed by the airflow inside the pipeline. It is usually suitable for situations with long conveying distances and high loads. According to the density of particles in the conveying pipeline, pneumatic conveying can also be divided into dilute phase conveying and dense phase conveying. Is the solid content in dilute phase transportation less than 1-10 kg/m? The operating speed is relatively high (about 18-30m/s), and the conveying distance is basically within 300 meters. Is the solid content of dense phase transportation 10-30kg/m? If the solid to gas ratio is greater than 25 and the operating gas speed is low, use higher air pressure to deliver, and the conveying distance can reach over 500 meters. Pneumatic conveying technology has the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving, and environmental protection, and is widely used for conveying powdered and granular materials in industries such as chemical, feed, steel, metallurgy, power, environmental protection, silicon materials, and lithium batteries

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